The Role Of Defense Mechanisms Nursing Essay

The Role Of Defense Mechanisms Nursing Essay

Background: Identification of the risk factors and psychological correlates of prolonged grief disorder is vital to health promotions for relatives of person who died by cancer. The aims of this research were to investigate the role of defense mechanisms, character dimension of personality and demographical factors on complicated grief following death by cancer among family members.

Methods: A number of 226 persons following death by cancer among family members selected by compliance sampling and they completed the Inventory of complicated Grief-Revised (ICG-R), The Defense Styles Questionnaire (DSQ), The Character dimension of Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), and The Demographical questionnaire. Data analyzed by stepwise multiple regression analysis.

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Results: findings revealed that neurotic defense style had significantly positive predictive role on complicated grief and cooperativeness, age of deceased person, self-transcendence and mature defense style had negatively significant predictive role on complicated grief (p<0.001).

Conclusion: These results pointed out that two character dimensions (Low cooperativeness and self-transcendence), high neurotic defense style and low age of deceased person are engaged in the psychopathological course of complicated and prolonged grief. It concluded that personality characteristics of bereaved persons and demographics of deceased person should be addressed in designing of tailored interventions for complicated grief…………….

Complicated grief disorder (CGD) or prolonged grief disorder is the appearance of particular emotional, cognitive and behavioral symptoms for at the lowest 6 months following the death of a dear person including confusion concerning one’s responsibility and roles, lack of ability for confidence to others inasmuch the death, difficulty in accepting the loss, extreme unpleasantness regarding to the loss, disinterest to the others, mental or physical discomfort about life, absence of sentiment since the death, experience of life meaningless and feeling stunned by the loss.6 Despite of importance the study in this field, very little investigations has examined agents of complicated and prolonged grief pre- and post-loss. Moreover, these little investigations have not concentrated on the factors that anticipate complicated grief.7

Multicultural and multiple factors in integrated manner were predicted psychosocial stress, grief and mourning among family caregivers of Childs and adults patients with cancer.8-10 Some factors including personality traits and social background had proven that effects on 5-year post-bereavement after death from cancer.11

Little study performed on the influences of defense mechanisms on intensity of grief and more studies performed about coping strategies instead of defense mechanisms to handle loss because of the defense mechanisms are a enduring tendency, mainly unconscious, and so often resistant to change.12 However, it is matter to study the effects of defense styles on complicated grief, As such, interventions and therapeutic tactics could be applied to change this maladaptive traits of personality that place underneath the psychopathological states.3……………………..